Management - 748 Words

Chapter 1 Technical skills are necessary, but they are not sufficient alone to succeed in management. In order to succeed in this competitive environment manager must have good people skills. Management Functions Planning / organizing / Leading and controlling Management roles Interpersonal : - Figurehead, leader , liaison Informational : - Monitor , spokesperson , disseminator Decisional : -Entrepreneur , Disturbance handler , recourse allocator Management Skills Technical / conceptual / Human skills Effective vs Successful manager Traditional management / networking / communication / Human resource management Effective – More communication Successful – more networking Average – all three balanced. Organization Behavior :-†¦show more content†¦Operant – people learn to behave to get something that they want and avoid something that they don’t want social – people can learn through observation and direct experience. Attention / Retention / Motor Reproduction / reinforcement. Shaping : - when we attempt to mold individual by guiding their behavior in graduated steps. Methods : positive reinforcement / negative reinforcement / punishment / extinction. Schedule of reinforcement : - fixed/ variable / fixed ratio / variable ratio / continuous. Chapter 4 Personality : - sum total ways in which individual react to and interact with others. Three main ways to measure personality Self report/ observer rating / projective measure (Rorschach inkblot test amp; thematic appreciation test) Use of personality assessment in organization Selection/ screening / career planning / team building / management development. Personality determinants P = H * E* S ( Hereditary * Environment * Situation ) MBTI:- Myers Briggs type Indicator 100 questions personality test and ask how people feel and react in particular situation post that the person is divided among :- Extraverted / introvert, sensing / intuitive , thinking/ feeling , judging / perceiving BasedShow MoreRelatedManagement : Management And Management1504 Words   |  7 Pagesassuring an organization to be able to run smoothly is called as Management. Managers are capable to make decisions that will impact an organization in every phase. These decisions vary from employing new staff to taking a company public. Management is not an easy task, and good managers are highly respected. Management is like investment. Its main purpose is to extract the most out of every resource available in the organization. Management can be called as achieving targets in such a way that all theRead MoreManagement : Management And Management Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagesproposals, and compliance training must meet the standards and requirements of both organizational structures, requiring Mr. Aranda to be fluent in both organizational cultures. Mr. Aranda was chosen for this project due to my observance of his management capabilities over the past twelve years. Mr. Aranda was an engineering technician who then earned a BS in business, resulting in being promoted to Engineering Manager, which enabled me to observe his triumphs and failures, and watch the evolutionRead MoreManagement Theory Of Management And Management937 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen used in company management. However, management of company could not be effective if only rely on theories. In fact, a good company development requires not only suitable theories selection but also consistency with practice in appropriate organization environment. Further, a company’s successful also need team work, creatively to together process. This essay focuses on how to make the company management effectively with some cases. There is no doubt that theory of management plays an importantRead MoreThe Theory Of Management And Management1690 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Management is one of the remarkable activities within human society began with a group or to an larger organization that are able to accomplish a same goals and objectives, by defining what is management and how is important to human being society many management theorists have produces (many models that can be used for successful organization change and winners respond to the past and complexity of change and adapt learn and act quickly (Mildred,G. Sonia T. 2008 ) different theoriesRead MoreLeadership, Management And Management1081 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Management Businesses require some sort of hierarchy of power to be successful. They cannot operate on the basis that everyone has the same job level if they plan to make a profit. However, the individuals that are placed in the higher power positions fall into two categories, leaders and managers. Many would say these are the same thing, when in reality they are not. They are two different styles that are used when operating a business and using the right one at the right time isRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management876 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management Name Institutional Affiliation Leadership and Management The achievements of organizations depend on their management and the manner in which their leaders conduct several operations within the organization. It is worth mentioning that successful organizations attribute their positive impacts in the market and general employee-employer relation to the influence spearheaded by the management team (Hiriyappa, 2013). This paper narrows down to evaluateRead MoreManagement And Functions Of Management1063 Words   |  5 PagesManagement in business and associations is the capacity that facilitates the endeavors of individuals to achieve objectives and targets utilizing accessible assets proficiently and adequately. Management includes planning, arranging, staffing, heading or steering, and controlling an association to achieve the objective. Resourcing includes the arrangement and control of human assets, budgetary assets, innovative assets, and regular assets. Administration is additionally a scholarly teach, a socialRead MoreQuality Management : Management And Management932 Words   |  4 Pageslines, it became more commonly understood that quality management may help organizations to repeat work less often, as the initial product or service that was delivered, was of a higher caliber, resulting favorably for the company as well as for the client. Quality management has now become a more regularly used practice throughout all phases of projects, allowing project managers to operate with a clear, defined process, and letting upper management determine if work should stop short for the sake ofRead MoreThe Concept Of Management And Management1147 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of MANAGEMENT different or what is exactly the reason that some organizations have great success while others suffering many types of failures? I came to release how far is the difference in a concept of Management in organizations that are operating nowadays around the world. It is controversy issue and a subject for discussion. The concept of Management is wider subject but we are going to focus on two notable aspects, which have the most obvious part of the diversities in management. TheseRead MoreLeadership, Management, And Management1270 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management are different. Leadership is the position a person holds as an administrative leader such as CEO-Chief Executive Officer. Management is the act of managing a business which consists of a body of people in positions of administrative authority. Business management consists of officers, directors and other people who have the authority of the business operation, organizations, duties, and work to be done. In management, emphasis is on delivering high quality products and

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1247 Words

Over time, the idea of â€Å"The American Dream† shifted from the Founding Fathers idealistic belief of equality, liberty, and happiness for all to the view that what is most important is the accumulation of wealth and material possessions as written about by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby. How does a whole country go from a shared value of advancing freedom and individual rights to that of advancing oneself at the expense of others? Individuals are a product of their environment and reflect the values of society of their time. Thomas Jefferson, one of the authors of the Declaration of Independence, stated that, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† (ushistory.org) It is clear that Jefferson and the other Founding Fathers did not associate wealth or materialism with happiness in light of the following quote attributed to Jefferson, â€Å"Yes, we did produce a near-perfect republic. But will they keep it? Or will they, in the enjoyment of plenty, lose the memory of freedom? Material abundance without character is the path of destruction.† (monticello.org) It appears that the Founding Fathers feared that future generations would forget the true meaning of freedom and the responsibility that preserving it entails and become self-absorbed with greed. The Founding Fathers lived in a time ofShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme that is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Critical Role Management and Organizations in Global Environment

Question: Discuss about the Critical Role Management and Organizations in Global Environment. Answer: Introduction: A key element of an organisation which plays a critical role in its success is organisational culture. It may be defined as a system constituting of values, beliefs and assumptions that are essentially shared across the organisation and hence drives the behaviour of the various stakeholders particularly employees. The organisational culture tends to have a sizable impact on the way the various tasks are performed by the employees and their underlying actions. It is evident that organisational culture of various organisations tends to be different (Alvesson, 2013). In this light, it is imperative to highlight the various factors that play a pivotal role in determining the organisational culture. Some of the significant factors in this regard are outlined below. Individuals working in the organisation While the conduct of the employees is shaped by the organisational culture, but the employees also play a critical role in shaping organisation culture. The underlying beliefs of the employees, demographics, their prior experiences and underlying nationality may play a critical role in contributing to organisational culture depending on their underlying numbers (Haberberg Rieple, 2008). For instance, any organisation which consists of sizable army personnel would tend to have a strict culture particularly regarding following of orders and punctuality. On the other hand, a workplace driven by young employees in the age group of 18-25, the organisational culture would be highly informal and fun driven. Nature of Business The nature of business also tends to impact the organisational culture particularly the nature of product and services offered. For instances the businesses offering emergency services such as hospitals, ambulances, fire extinguishing tend to be very high on punctuality and following strict protocols as non-compliance with these could potentially be fatal for the client (Alvesson, 2013). On the other hand, organisations in service businesses tend to driven by customer satisfaction and hence the employees are supposed to be extra cordial and helpful towards the customers. Further, consider businesses thriving on creativity such as advertisement which tend to have a highly informal and open culture which enables a creative thinking. Clients and parties being served The organisational culture tends to driven by the clients that are being served because the viability and survival of any business essentially rests upon the satisfaction of the clients. As a result, the organisational culture shapes up in accordance with the clients. For instance, an outsourcing business which is serving clients based in US and UK would need to work according to the timings suitable to the clients and must also be sensitive to their respective culture and behave accordingly. Additionally, the organisational culture of service businesses in general is more driven by the conduct of the clients (Brennan, nd). The conduct of the management This is perhaps the most significant internal factor that shapes up the organisational culture as the employees tend to exhibit behaviour which is consistent with the expectations of the higher management so as to reap rewards in terms of promotion and other benefits. The extent of delegation of decision making exhibited by management is a significant shaping tool for organisational culture. Additionally, the nature of factors taken into consideration by management for promotion and the performance evaluation system in place also impacts the organisational culture. The level of formality expected in conduct reflected in dress up and office etiquettes is also driven by the management (Schein, 2010). For instance, for an organisation where the CEO is quite informal with the employees, then in general the organisational culture of the underlying place would be lower in formality. Hence, the management style pursued by the founder and top management is a cr itical factor driving organisational culture. An example of organisation chosen for this task is Woolworths. It is the largest supermarket operator in Australia and also has sizable presence in retail industry across various verticals such as home improvement, discount retailing, fuel retailing and merchandise. Additionally, the company also has interest in the hotel business. With regards to geographical presence, about 95% of the revenues are obtained from Australia and New Zealand. Hence, it is apparent that the current share of markets outside the Oceania region is very miniscule (Woolworths, 2016). Being a service industry present in a competitive industry, the organisational culture is driven by the clients. This has profound implications on the employees and their behaviour (Menon, 2014). The employees especially working at the store level who are in direct contact with the clients need to be extremely courteous and sensitive towards the customers so that they can build a competitive advantage over the rival Coles by offering a better service to the customers. The employees working at the store level are given specialised training in this regard so as to ensure an unfettered consumer commitment with high degree of standardisation. Besides, flexibility in certain cases is also permitted provided it is driven by the client. As a result, the conduct and behaviour of these employees is highly driven by organisational culture. Further, the other employees are also driven by this organisational culture and hence aim to carry out their functions keeping the consumer at the focus (Me non, 2014). In the retail industry, with the advent of online retailing and changing demographics and expectations of the consumers, there is a shift in the organisational culture. This is also to an extent driven by the diversity of the employees working at the company. As a result, it is imperative that the organisational culture needs to be sensitive to these changes and alter accordingly so that to be more reflective of the needs of the employees and clients. In this regards, it is imperative to collect regular feedbacks from employees and clients with regards to organisational practices and value system and thus bring about requisite shift as and when required. Besides, training of employees is also critical and it needs to be deployed as a screening tool. For instance, there may be employees that may not be naturally suited for coming in direct interface with consumers and the same should be deployed elsewhere so that the organisational values are not compromised (Alvesson, 2013). The organisational structure may be defined as the manner in which various activities such as allocation of task, coordination and evaluation of the same are carried out with the intention of achievement of the underlying organisational goals. The organisational structure is a key element for organisational success and facilitates decision making and hence implementation of the underlying strategy. Since, the delegation of power is greatly linked to the organisational structure, hence proportional the decision making is also allocated based on this. Further, it also plays a key role in determining organisational communication which usually flows in the hierarchy of the authority outlined by the structure. The organisational structure also facilitates the evaluation of employees as it outlines a particular authority as being responsible for reviewing the performance of the subordinate (Jacobides, 2007). As the organisational structure provides a clear hierarchy to the organisation, th e supervisors can clearly identify their subordinates and hence carry out their performance evaluation by observing the conduct of subordinate with regards to work, organisational commitment and conduct with fellow employees. The organisational structure also enables a direct chain of command which not only provides requisite authority and clarity but also ensures that accountability is achieved which is a critical element for the achievement of the organisational goals (Galbraith, 2014). Besides, organisational structure enables convenient identification of the issues that may hamper organisational growth and allow for timely solution in this regards (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand Lampel, 2008). The various elements of organisational structure are as follows. Geographical presence The organisational structure is driven by the extent of geographical spread of the business activity. A large geographical spread of the business may imply that regional heads may be required with requisite functional support so as to provide customised strategic support (Galbraith, 2014). For Woolworths, the major geography is Australia which contributed more than 80% of the revenues with New Zealand being the only prominent foreign market of importance. Thus, low geographical presence implies that the headquarter controls the overall operations. Number of distinct businesses and products Typically, an organisation which has high number of products which tend to offer significantly to the revenues and profitability, then it makes a strong case for organisational structure driven by product line (Haberberg Rieple, 2008). This is true for Woolworths which has presence across various businesses which are run under different names and would have slightly different underlying strategy and therefore the organisation structure is driven by a dedicated team deployed at the level of different businesses who owe accountability to the Board of Directors of Woolworths. Authority distribution and Control This is a key element which drives the organisational structure. In this regard, the key element is the level of control that is desired (Root, nd). For instance, in case of Woolworths, the employees at the store level are under the direct authority of the store manager and a portfolio of stores in a region are under a regional manager and thus the hierarchy thus set up. Overall, the structure is not very hierarchical with the largest number of employees concentrated at the store level. Hence, the organizational structure is heavy towards the bottom and lean towards the top. The relevant divisional structure at Woolworths is highlighted below (Woolworths, 2016). It is apparent from the diagram that the organisational structure is driven by the various divisions of businesses namely supermarkets, petrol, liquor, general merchandise and home improvement. Further, for each of the division, then functional structure has also been displayed which is responsible for the given division. A detailed functional structure for the home improvement division is displayed in the following structure which caters to the various business needs so that the end objectives may be achieved (Galbraith, 2014). In the organisational structure that is being followed at Woolworths, there are the following two critical issues (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand Lampel, 2008). There is overlapping of functions for the staff under different divisions which results in incremental costs which could otherwise be avoided. This is particularly true for certain divisions such as purchase whose cross divisional synergies may be reaped. Further, considering that the concentration of employees at the store level tends to be very high, there are limited opportunities for growth from the bottom level and these need to be increased so that the employee loyalty and skill may be suitably rewarded. In order to resolve the above challenges, following solutions may be suggested (Galbraith, 2014). It is imperative for the organisation to explore cross functional synergies across divisions and integrate the same thus resulting in significant costs savings on employees and functional costs. Besides, it is imperative that more promotional positions need to be created for the staff working at the store level as they play a critical role in acting as brand ambassadors of the company and are at the crucial interface with the customers. References Alvesson, M. (2013), Understanding Organisational Culture, London: Sage Publications Brennan, J. (n.d.), Five key factors that determine organisational culture, Retrieved 22 December 2016 https://wellnessatwork.com.au/five-key-factors-that-determine-organisational-culture/ Galbraith, J.R. (2014), Designing Organisations, San Francisco: John Wiley Sons Haberberg, A. Rieple, A. (2008), Strategic Management: Theory and Application, New York: Oxford University Press Jacobides, M. G. (2007). The inherent limits of organizational structure and the unfulfilled role of hierarchy: Lessons from a near-war. Organization Science, 18(3), 455-477 Menon, S. (2014), Does organizational culture influence employee behavior at work?, Retrieved 22 December 2016 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140809231713-40057959-does-organizational-culture-influence-employee-behavior-at-work Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B. Lampel, B.J. (2008), Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Root, G.N. (n.d.), Six Elements of Organisational Structure, Retrieved 22 December 2016 https://smallbusiness.chron.com/six-elements-organizational-structure-4.html Schein, E.H.(2010), Organisational Culture and Leadership, San Francisco: John Wiley Sons Woolworths (2016), Annual Report 2016, Retrieved 22 December 2016 https://wow2016ar.qreports.com.au/

The Preamble at Chimbote Essay Example For Students

The Preamble at Chimbote Essay September 16, 2003Mini Report #3I have chosen the section titled The Preamble at Chimbote from chapter one of the book, Theology From the Underside of History to write my mini report on. In this section the author describes a talk that the famous liberation theologian Gustavo Gutierrez gave at Chimbote, Peru, to a group of priests and laity in July of 1968. The talk was entitled Toward a Theology of Liberation. Gutierrez is one of the most important innovators of the concept of liberation theology in Latin America. He gives this talk to teach and inform the clergy and other churchgoers that this is a crucial concept for all Christians to integrate into their lives. In the beginning of his talk he states if faith is a commitment to God and to human beings, it is not possible to believe in todays world without a commitment to the process of liberation. I interpret this as Gutierrez stating that the world in which they are living in is not committed to all human beings when there are those that are less fortunate and are stricken by poverty. His answer to this is for all Christians to be committed to the process of freeing these individuals from the restraints they have on them. To me this is the most important part of liberation theology. Knowing that the actions that one is taking is creating a better humanity and better world to live in, will motivate that individual and others to continue this act. In another part of his talk he discusses three important characteristics of his liberation theology. The first aspect that he mentions is that liberation theology should be a progressive and continuous understanding.I believe that Gutierrez is saying that if the Christians that are carrying out liberation theology are continually liberating those in need then Christians will be a major influence and stepping stone in the process of a greater humanity. The second key point in Gutierrezs liberation theology is the method in which liberation theology should be carried out. Gutierrez states theology is a reflection or a second act. He argues that theology should not come first and that it should follow the commitment. He goes on to say that the main act ion of theologys commitment is charity. I understand this as; theology cannot improve something through charity or any other means unless it has already happened and learning from this experience cannot occur until after action has taken place. I think that Gutierrez is referring to theology as the knowledge that Christians receive after the action of the commitment and charity. Finally, the third key point that Gutierrez stresses is the importance of pastoral action and he goes on to say that every action that Christians make must be tied in with a reflection to orient it. To me this means that one must practice what one preaches and refrain from being a hypocrite. If Christians do not do this then the whole concept of liberation theology is superficial. We will write a custom essay on The Preamble at Chimbote specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

The Unsolved Case of the Long Island Serial Killer

The Unsolved Case of the Long Island Serial Killer Oak Beach, Long Island is a small, semi-secluded community located 35 miles from Manhattan on the eastern end of the barrier island called Jones Beach Island. It is part of the town of Babylon in Suffolk County, New York. The residents of Oak Beach are wealthy by most standards. The average home with a view of the water is priced at around $700,000 to $1.5 million for a home on the water. The crime rate is minuscule, at least until May 2010 when Shannon Gilbert, a 24-year-old  escort advertising on Craigslist disappeared after running from a clients home in Oak Bridge. According to Gilberts client Joseph Brewer, the young escort began to fall apart while at his home. Suffering from bipolar and reportedly not taking her medication, Gilbert called 9-1-1 from Brewers home and talked for over 20 minutes. At one point she told the 9-1-1 operator, theyre trying to kill   me. Brewer later told the police that he was unable to calm Gilbert down and asked her driver, Michael Pak, to help get her out of the house. Gilbert ended up fleeing both men and began knocking on nearby neighbors doors, screaming and pleading for help. The police were called, but when they arrived Gilbert had vanished into the night. Where she disappeared to remained a mystery for over a year. A Discovery by Chance On December 10, 2010, police detective John Mallia was training his cadaver police dog when he discovered a burlap sack buried down in the marshes of Gilgo Beach. Inside the sac were the skeletal remains of a woman, but it was not Shannon Gilbert. A search of the area turned up four more skeletal remains in December. From March through May 2011, detectives from Nassau County, Suffolk County, and the New York State Police returned to the area and worked together to search for more victims. They discovered the remains of six more victims, including the body of a small toddler girl. All of the remains were found approximately a mile apart and about five miles from where the other victims that were found in December. Long Island Serial Killer The news media was quick label the killer as the Long Island Serial Killer and the police agreed that they likely had a serial killer in the area. In June 2011, investigators offered a reward of $25,000   (up from $5,000) in exchange for information that would lead to the arrest of the person responsible. On a map, the locations of the victims remains, some just partial remains, are like dots scattered along the Ocean Parkway that leads to Jones Beach. Up close it was a macabre scene as detectives dug through the thick bramble that covered the marsh. When they finished they had the partial remains of eight female victims, one male victim dressed as a woman, and the toddler. It was not until a year later, on December 13, 2011, that the remains of Shannon Gilbert would be found in the same area. Victims Advertised Escort Service Through Craigslist Police later reported that all of the victims appeared to be sex workers who advertised their services on Craigslist. They suspect that the toddler was the child of one of the women. At first, believing that the area had become a dumping ground for a pair of serial killers, the investigators later retracted that statement, saying instead that it was the work of one killer. Investigators do not believe that Shannon Gilbert was killed by the serial killer, but by natural causes, after she became disoriented and lost in the marsh. They believe that she most likely drowned. Her mother does agree, particularly since Shannon was found face up, which is unusual for drowning victims The First Victims That Were Identified Maureen Brainard-Barnes, 25, of Norwich, Connecticut, was last seen on July 9, 2007, after leaving Norwich to go to New York City. Maureen worked as an escort and advertised on Craigslist. She was a small woman, only four feet eleven inches tall and one hundred five pounds. She got into the escort business because she needed money to pay for her home. Once she caught up on her mortgage she left the sex industry for seven months but returned to it after receiving an eviction notice. Her remains were found during the December 2010 search. Melissa Barthelemy, 24, of Erie County, New York, was last seen on July 10, 2009. Melissa worked as an escort and advertised on Craigslist. Her last known activity was on July 10 when she met up with a client, made a bank deposit of $900 into her account. She then called an old boyfriend, but he did not answer. After a week that she went missing and for five consecutive weeks after that, her young sister received phone calls from someone using Melissas cell phone. The sister described the anonymous caller as   vulgar, mocking and insulting and she suspects the caller was the person who killed her sister. Megan Waterman, 22, of South Portland, Maine, disappeared on June 6, 2010, after advertising her escort services on Craigslist. Megan was staying at a motel in Hauppauge, New York, which is located 15 miles from Gilgo Beach. Her remains were discovered in December 2010. Amber Lynn Costello, 27, of North Babylon, New York, went missing on September 2, 2010. North Babylon is located just 10 miles north of Gilgo Beach. Amber was a heroin user and a sex worker. On the night that she vanished, she had received several calls from a client offering to pay her $1,500 for her services. Her sister, Kimberly Overstreet, also a sex worker at one time, reportedly said in 2012, that she would continue to use Craigslist in the same manner as her sister, in an effort to catch her sisters killer. Jessica Taylor, 20, from Manhattan, vanished in July 2003. It was known that Jessica had worked in New York and Washinton D.C. as a sex worker. On July 26, 2003, her partial remains were found in Manorville, New York, which is located about 45 miles east of Gilgo Beach. Her nude chopped up torso was found and the head and hands were missing. On March 29, 2011, her skull, hands, and a forearm were found at Gilgo and identified through DNA.   Unidentified Victims Jane Doe No. 6: The right foot, both hands, and a human skull, were found on April 4, 2011. The rest of the unidentified victims remains were found in the same area where Jessica Taylors partial remains were found in Manorville, New York. Investigators believe that Jane Doe No. 6 was probably a sex worker. Police believe the same person is responsible for the death of both of the victims. Similar methods were used to dispose and disperse the womens remains. Police released a composite sketch of Jane Doe No. 6. She was between the ages of 18 and 35 and was around five feet, two inches tall. John Doe: The remains of a young Asian male, between the ages of 17 and 23, were discovered on April 4 at Gilgo Beach. It appeared that he had been dead for five to 10 years. The cause of death was blunt-force trauma. Investigators believe he may have worked in the sex industry. At the time of his death, he was wearing womens clothing. A composite sketch of the victim was released. Police say that he was around five foot, six inches and he was missing four teeth. Baby Doe: Located around 250 feet from Jane Doe No. 6, investigators discovered the remains of a female toddler between the ages of 16 and 24 months old. DNA tests determined that the toddlers mother was Jane Doe No. 3, whose remains were found 10 miles east, near Jones Beach State Park. It was reported that she was non-Caucasian and was wearing earrings and a necklace at the time that she was murdered. Peaches and Jane Doe No 3: On April 11, 2011, Nassau County police found the dismembered skeletal remains in Jone Beach State Park. The remains were stuffed inside of a plastic bag. The victim was named Jane Doe No 3. On June 28, 1997, the dismembered torso of a young Black female was found in Lakeview at Hempstead Lake State Park. The torso was discovered inside a green plastic container which had been dumped next to the road that ran alongside the west side of the lake. The victim had a tattoo of a peach shaped ​like a heart that had a bite out of it and there were  two teardrops on her left breast. DNA analysis identified that Peaches and Jane Doe No 3 were the same person and that she was the mother of Baby Doe. Jane Doe No. 7: Located near Tobay Beach, a human skull and several teeth were found on April 11, 2011. DNA testing showed that these remains belonged to the same person whose severed legs had been found on Fire Island on April 20, 1996.

What to do if your career plans fall through

What to do if your career plans fall through Maybe you applied for your dream job and never heard back. Maybe you made it months into the process, and after 3 rounds of interviews finally received a rejection. Or maybe you got what you thought was the perfect job and then realized it’s not the career for you. It’s tough to put everything you have into building a career and then have it not pan out. When your work life is out of balance, you’re in a vulnerable place, and that uncertainty can color all aspects of your life.Here are a few actions you can take to dig yourself out of a career slump and get yourself going in the right direction.Take a time out.When you get the rejection- or the realization hits you that you’re in the wrong job- give yourself a minute to wallow. Really, it’s okay to be frustrated and sad. Sulk, cry, and vent to your partner and friends. Take a moment to process before getting back on your A-game again.Accept the reality of the situation.The fact is, you’re not where you want to be. No matter how many good vibes you send into the world, you have to face reality. Figure out exactly where you are now, and accept that place as your new square one. This will give you a solid base from which to start and get done what you need to get done.Turn your anger into action.Instead of grumbling about how unfair life is, put all of that mental energy to better use figuring out how you’re going to move on. Sure, you can be annoyed and mad, but if you obsess over negative emotions, your bitterness will seep into your job hunt and your life.Work on yourself.We all have areas that need improvement. What are yours? Take some time to identify your trouble spots- or even just places where you could broaden your awesomeness. Nothing boosts your self worth- or your resume- like targeting weaknesses and eventually turning them into strengths.This is the professional version of turning lemons into lemonade. Sit down with a piece of paper or a blank screen and list the reason why you might have fallen short. Take a moment to figure out what you can learn from where you’ve ended up. What can you do in the future to improve and not make the same mistakes? How can you be better?Solicit feedback.Hiring managers are often happy to help you along your journey. Ask what you could have improved in order to be a better candidate for the position you didn’t get. You can also ask mentors, bosses, and colleagues how they would rate your past job performance. See how people view you from the outside, and then work on the skills that you lack.Get to work.Okay, you had your pity party and have assessed your strengths and weaknesses. Now’s the time to muster all your positivity and motivation and really get out there to get things done. Do your homework: figure out what you need to do to end up in your dream job and start all over again. You’ll get there.

Socical computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Socical computing - Essay Example on management tool is social computing, which is the social aspect of interaction of people via computer systems and networks such as the internet, and encompasses a number of internet-based applications such as email, blogs, instant messaging, social book marking, social networking service, wikis, and polls (Dasgupta, 2010). Social computing has been identified to add value to the organization in a number of by enabling the management and development of business information assets (Tredinnick, 2006, pp. 228-234). Social computing tools such as wikis, blogs, and social networking sites offer a solution to information management related issues due to the inherent networking nature, which allows users to find, explore, and solve organizational problems. Moreover, social computing provides a platform for developing or improving on employee networks and permits participation (Ropes, 2010), which can lead to better employ performance, hence improved organizational performance. Furthermore , social computing can lead to more innovation, better staff abilities, and increase staff efficiency if competently employed as a powerful information management tool. This paper seeks to discuss and critically analyse the benefits, potential disadvantages and challenges of using social computing as an information management tool in the organization, and its future prospects. The advantages that this paper will focus on include enhanced customer relations, contributions to product development and innovation, increased productivity and efficiency, and general impact on employee information sharing and turnover levels. The disadvantages will be focusing on related security and privacy risks, loss of brand loyalty and fragmentation and cluttering of information. The critical analysis of social computing is, therefore, limited to the aspects of social computing that entail the various ways through which it influences information management in the organization. Such aspects include social

Information Systems Management Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Information Systems Management Plan - Essay Example This has several advantages to the store. Most importantly will be the boost in the store’s efficiency and effectiveness of its core operations, which will in turn increase the competitiveness of the store. 5.1 Alternative A All ACME stores have an information system. However, each of the information systems for each store is suitable for the individual stores. This is after modification of the information systems in order to suit the specific store. Different factors influence the choice and nature of the information system in use by a store. These include the geographical location of the store, language of most customers, and finances, among others (Management Information Systems (1995). In the case of ACME Mexico City, when geography and language aspects are considered, it is noted that most customers are Mexicans, and these speak Spanish. Therefore, ACME Mexico City might choose to settle only on modifying the existing information system to the Mexicans, who speak Spanish. This way, communication in the store will be easier and more efficient. This is especially after considering the fact that most employees in the store are the locals, who speak Spanish. On the contrast, this kind of information system might be limiting to the non-Spanish speakers in the store. 5.2 Alternative B ACME Mexico City also has the option of designing its own new management information system. This new management information system will be unique and different from the initial management information system, which the different ACME stores have adopted and customized. The new management information system will therefore, be developed to be more efficient, effective, and modern than the initial management information system. For instance, the latest new computer and mobile devices will be purchased. These are more efficient but sophisticated. However, a totally new system will often cost more, as this will also require training of the staff on its usage (Baltzan, 2011). 5.3 Alternative C ACME Mexico City store might adopt the bid optimization tool in the design of its information system. This application will be highly advantageous to the store, as this might increase the opportunities of the store with suppliers and vendors, thus increasing the store’s competitiveness by giving it an edge over its competitors. The bid optimization tool has more strengths, which are paramount to the store. First, this is superior to the manual bidding, thus outperforms it. Secondly, this application has the ability of leveraging historical data and automatically updating bids based on different days and time, among other factors. This also saves time, as it is capable of analyzing data and making bid changes on a routine basis. This application can as well be customized to uphold simplicity, which will make it easier for all staff to use it, despite their varying levels of IT competence. However, the bid optimization tool will generate significant costs. 5.4 Alt ernative D ACME Mexico City store will have the consideration of adopting the new IBM and UNIX-based data warehousing. IBM’s data warehousing provides a unified and powerful access to both the structured

Research Plan Essay Example for Free

Research Plan Essay As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is Social Security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How could low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed Social Security plan that included personal retirement accounts? † As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question you genuinely want to know the answer to. Try to pick a research question that is not too broad (covering too much) or too narrow (covering too little). It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. What is your general topic or area of interest? Recycling What is it about your general topic of interest that interests you? The topic of recycling interests me because there are some cities that so not make recycling a priority and I believe it is important to preserve for future generations. What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to investigate? List them. What is the history of recycling? What is being done in school systems to promote recycling? What are the benefits of recycling? What can be done in cities where recycling is not a priority to make residents recycle? The effects if recycling is not made a priority. What are the financial benefits to a community where recycling is a priority? Would any of the questions you listed about the topic make a good subject for a research paper? Pick or adapt one question and make it into a research question. What are the benefits of recycling? Why do you think this research question is appropriate for a research paper? I think this is an appropriate question for a research paper because there are many benefits with much information of the benefits. How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? My research question is relevant to a wider community because it is a worldwide issue in today’s society with much room for improvement. What background information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? I was shocked at how many people I have come to know that do not make it a priority because it is simply easier to toss it away. What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question? The University of Phoenix library What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? Plenty of articles to support the bases of my paper. What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? I will need to further brain storm and take notes on the articles I will be using for my paper and conpilling several other sources to ensure I have enough material to use. What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting your research? There is plenty of research out there and I need to cut it down to what is most important and relevant to what I am writing. Write a 250- to 300-word paragraph summarizing your reearch plan. Include the following: †¢The topic you have chosen for your final project. †¢What you hope to learn from your research. †¢What aspect of your topic you plan to focus on in your research and writing. This paragraph is just an intro of sorts. Dont begin with The topic I have chosen, or My topic is write in 3rd person (he, she, it, or in general terms) Recycling is a relatively new concept with very few states enforcing this as a law. Although recycling has only been around for about forty years it has come a long way in how it is viewed by many people and states. People across the country have now come to see the long term benefits to recycling and how it will benefit our society by reducing their carbon foot print and how it benefits the environment. While recycling has made big strides there is still much room for improvement with public awareness. There has been a big push in elementary schools recently, children are being taught from a young age, the benefits of long term recycling. There are many states such as California and, Oregon requiring deposits when purchasing drinking beverages to promote recycling by its residents, regardless if the person lives there or not, the deposit must be paid. This is just an example of ways other states are making recycling a priority. By being vigilant and constantly making recycling a priority we can reduce the amount of waste in landfills each year thus eliminating the effects of global warming and the release of methane emitted into the atmosphere and the pollution of the waterways. By committing to recycling not only is there a benefit to the environment but there can be other ways recycling can contribute to a community financially. By implementing an efficient program recycling can yield great profits. Now more than ever it is so important to make recycling a priority. Its imperative that we create a future, for the future generation to enjoy and if not made a priority children of the future will suffer.

Graduation Speech: Its Been Fun :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hello students, faculty, members of the school board, Superintendent, and parents. When I was first told that I was going to be the speaker for graduation, I was overcome. I was overcome with pride and excitement, as I'm sure we all are today as we close this chapter on our lives, but most of all, I was overcome with a feeling. A feeling that I have fooled you all into electing a Canadian to speak on this very important occasion. (Canadian Accent) I bet about now, you are all finally realizing just what it is you've done, eh? But it's too late, eh? I can't be stopped.... (Drape Canadian flag over top of podium) The rich history of Canada is a very long and interesting one. One that begins in the early years of. ...(Trail off and give a moment of thought)" **remove flag" or better yet have someone do it for you.) Seriously though, after I got over my initial reaction, I realized that this was going to be a very difficult undertaking. So I did what any teen-age boy would do in a similar situation. I turn to my friends! I received two pieces of advice that not only helped me with the situation at hand, but I feel will be the predominant source of motivation for the next big step in my life and everything that follows thereafter. These two pieces of advice were. (Hold up palms with numbers inked on them) No. 1: Don't Screw up! No. 2: Be Funny! Obviously after these two gems of advice, I was prepared to write a stunning and powerful speech that will remain with every one of us till the day we die. Or at least until one of the real speakers come up here and says something meaningful. It's hard to believe that we'll all be leaving this place finally. It is even harder to believe that from now on, we're going to pretty much have to fend for ourselves. I think that whether we know it or not, we've gained a lot of the tools that we'll need to make it out there, right here at Welch. Personally, I've learned some of the most important messages of my life within these hallowed halls. I've learned that it's important to walk the road less traveled, because after a while, running down freshman in the packed hallways just loses some of its appeal.

PCS model Essay

The PCS model (Thompson 2001) has three concentric rings (inside to outside: P-C-S). The â€Å"P† stands for personal prejudice or the personal, psychological level; the â€Å"C† stands for the cultural level- consensus, commonality, conformity; the â€Å"S† level stands for the structural level. (Ledwith 128) Apply: This model is useful for community development because it allows us to see how different levels of interaction and analysis from the personal to societal and structural affect life. Specifically in terms of discrimination we can break down the reasons behind issues of inequality in society- where do they come from? How were they built? People in communities are all at different levels within their PCS model- people are influenced and affected by the lives they lead- when they were raised by their parents, how they raise their own family. You need to take this into account- where are people found in these PCS rings? You also need to remember that the PCS rings ARE concentric and they DO affect each other. When trying to address issues such as discrimination, you need to figure out which circle might be the driving force, and where you can intervene in the other circles as well. Adapt: I think we’re starting to see how many of these theories can be adapted to other fields. I think the biggest takeaway is knowing that people are at different developmental stages. Someone’s personal prejudices are often highly influenced by the culture and structure they were raised in (often not a choice). It’s easy to attack someone for their personal beliefs, especially when you don’t know where they’re coming from. I think we can adapt this model to any situation dealing with social justice issues. You need to unravel these circles, knowing they affect each other.

Fulfilling our Potential Essay

The different Definitions of education are misinterpreted in different ways, but there are still ways that you can interpret what you think the definition is on education. Education is to be able to find your own path. To have a high school diploma or to have a college degree, education is to be successful in your life in whatever way that is. Trying to define education is like trying to define why the sky is the color it is or why the grass is green, there is no accurate definition of education to me. Education can mean more than one thing having a college degree but also can mean not having a college degree. Being educated to me means to be successful in your life, just because you do not have a college degree doesn’t mean you will not go far in your life or make a good amount of money. People make it seem as if you don’t have a decent degree you will just work at a fast food restaurant. If someone were to ask me what it meant to be educated I wouldn’t be able to give them an answer. My mother Julie, went to the University Of Arkansas were she had completed law school. After completing law school she got a job at JB Hunt being a contract attorney. My father Carlos, who only has a high school diploma but works for a company called South Western Energy and is a company man for two rigs out in Pennsylvania where he is very successful in what he does. I don’t think you have to have a college diploma to be the most educated person around. Do I think you would make more amount of money in certain professions? Yes. Society makes it out to be that you must be admitted to a college to be educated, but really how educated do you have to be, to be admitted into a college. Back in the day it was a lot harder to get into a college, now-a-days you can score a fourteen through a sixteen and easily get into a college and just have to do remediation classes. Being tested for an ACT, SAT, Standardized test to me doesn’t show how educated you really are. Teachers teach you for the chapter they are covering than they either expect you to continue to remember what they taught you or you forget it. On the standardized test or the A T or SAT there is information that you were taught in younger grades or that you haven’t been taught yet. So technically it really isn’t showing how educated a person may really be. Life its self-offers you an education. This lesson of education is more a hard learning education. ‘The best way to predict your future is to create It.’- Abraham Lincoln. You are not taught in school how to balance a check book, how to cook, how to pay taxes, or how to do major things in the real world. Sooner or later you will get to the point that you will graduate for high school, get your GED or even drop out, but there will come a time that you will leave your parents’ house, which then you will have to find your own path in the real world. Unless you were taught by your parents or other adults how to balance a check book, how to cook, how to pay taxes, or how to do things in the real world you won’t be an educated person on how to go about life. In life there will be times that you will come to points in life that will you will see how educated you are, or when there is times that you need to speak up or when you need to go ahead and back off from the situation. People are different and learn in many different ways some faster than others and some who remember everything easily or some who forget stuff by the time class is over. Being knowledgeable in one subject and not in the other is that consider too make someone less knowledgeable or less comprehensive than another person. When going through college to earn a degree depending on what we want to major in we aren’t taught certain subjects. When majoring in anything in the medical field you aren’t taught any type of histories because you don’t need to know it. When you want to become a history major you aren’t taught any sciences because you don’t and won’t need them. If someone was to walk up to someone and try and have a conversation with them about a certain subject or ask them for some type of help on a certain subject but the other person isn’t able to have a conversation back because they aren’t taught that subject or haven’t been taught that subject does that make them any less educated than the person asking for help. There will always be some one that is always smarter or believes to be smarter than you, but really how can you tell how smart someone is. Being successful to me is a huge part of being educated. When knowing people who have a good degree and do not do anything with their degree and make bad choices in their life and not care what anyone thinks isn’t a successful and well educated person. When you are living on the streets and have a good degree you could go and find a job even if it means starting at a fast food restaurant and working your way to the top to get a job for what your degree is. It may take time but no reason to just sit around and waste a well-educated mind as society would say. There may be as many definitions as there are defines, but it is important for people to have a clear understand of education in order to be able to define it to other people on what your beliefs are and what it means to be a well-educated person. Lincoln, Abraham. â€Å"Education Quotes – Edgalaxy.† Edgalaxy. Techzoo, 2009-2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.

Phase 1 Discussion Board 2 Example

Phase 1 Discussion Board 2 Example Phase 1 Discussion Board 2 – Coursework Example Ethics Ethics The phrase â€Å"ethical relativism† consists of a number of various beliefs, however, they all are in agreement that thereis no permanent, universal criteria to establish what may not or may be an ethical act. Thus, God gave no divine command; in addition, human nature portrays no universal law. Consequently, consequences lack bearing since every society or individual can construe the â€Å"rightness† of every consequence in a different manner. Additionally, ethical relativism instructs that the ethics of a society develop over time and change to suit situations. There are numerous aspects of ethical relativism, which claims that universal truth is not possible to establish or is a myth, but admits at the same time that ethical behavior is non-existence (MacKinnon, 2012).On the other hand, utilitarianism is mostly typified by 2 components; consequentialism and happiness. Happiness in utilitarianism is the largest happiness which allegedly, is searched for by every human being. As far as utilitarianism is concerned, everything helpful to happiness is deemed good. Consequently, the doctrine’s name is utilitarianism, derived from utility principle. Utility is usually in anything that adds to the happiness of every normal being. On the other hand, consequentialism in this case, is in the fact that an act should be judged for its consequences on the happiness of the biggest number. This is to mean that an individual’s search for happiness stops when it reduces the happiness of another person or the happiness of the biggest number, of community or the society (Bykvist, 2010).Kant’s categorical imperative can be described as the Immanuel Kant’s key philosophical idea in the deontological moral philosophy. Introduced by Kant in 1785, it can be described as a method of assessing motivations for particular action(s).Human beings according to Kant, occupy an exceptional place in creation where morality may be summar ized in an ultimate or an imperative commandment of motive, from which all obligation and duties derive. Kant described an imperative as being any proposition asserting that a specific action or inaction to be compulsory. One practical application of utilitarianism is in my personal life. Many are times when I am faced by a situation which requires me to make decisions. I therefore naturally think of the consequences of my actions and usually have to decide on whether to go on/or not with the action.ReferencesBykvist, K. (2010). Utilitarianism: A Guide for the Perplexed. New York,NY: Bloomsbury Academic.MacKinnon, B. (2012). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. New York,NY: Cengage Brain.

Little Skate Characteristics and Information

Little Skate Characteristics and Information The little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) is also known as the summer skate, little common skate, common skate, hedgehog skate, and tobacco box skate. They are classified as elasmobranchs, which means they are related to sharks and rays. Little skates are an Atlantic Ocean species that that live on the ocean bottom. In some areas, they are harvested and used as bait for other fisheries.   Description Like winter skates, little skates have a rounded snout and pectoral wings. They can grow to a length of about 21 inches and a weight of about 2 pounds. The dorsal side of a little skate may be dark brown, gray or light and dark brown in color. They may have dark spots on their dorsal surface. The ventral surface (underside) is lighter in coloration and may be white or light gray. Little skates have thorny spines which vary in size and location depending on age and sex. This species can be confused with the winter skate, which has a similar coloration and also lives in the North Atlantic Ocean.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: BatoideaOrder: RajiformesFamily: RajidaeGenus:  LeucorajaSpecies:  erinacea Habitat and Distribution Little skates are found in the North Atlantic Ocean from southeastern Newfoundland, Canada to North Carolina, U.S.   These are a bottom-dwelling species that prefer shallow waters but may be found in water depths up to about 300 feet. They frequent sandy or gravel-covered bottoms. Feeding The little skate has a varied diet that includes crustaceans, amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and fish. Unlike the similar-looking winter skate, which seems to be more active during the night, little skates are more active during the day.   Reproduction Little skates reproduce sexually, with internal fertilization. One obvious difference between male and female skates is that males have  claspers  (near their pelvic fins, that lie on each side of the tail) that are used to transfer sperm to fertilize the females eggs. The eggs are laid in a capsule commonly called mermaids purse. These capsules, which are about 2 inches long, have tendrils on each corner so that they can anchor to seaweed. The female produces 10 to 35 eggs per year. Within the capsule, the young are nourished by egg yolk. The gestation period is several months, after which the young skates hatch. They are 3 to 4 inches long when they are born and look like miniature adults.   Conservation and Human Uses Little skates are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. They may be captured for food and the wings sold as imitation scallops or for use as other dishes. More often, they are harvested to be used as bait for lobster and eel traps. According to NOAA, that harvest occurs in Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland. References and Further Information: Bailly, N. 2014. Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825). In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species.Kittle, K. Little Skate. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed February 28, 2015.NOAA Fisheries: Greater Atlantic Region. What Were Doing to Learn More About Skates. Accessed February 28, 2015.Sulak, K.J., MacWhirter, P.D., Luke, K.E., Norem, A.D., Miller, J.M., Cooper, J.A., and L.E. Harris. Identification Guide to Skates (Family Rajidae) of the Canadian Atlantic and Adjacent Regions. Accessed February 28, 2015.Sulikowski, J., Kulka, D.W. Gedamke, T. 2009. Leucoraja erinacea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded on 28 February 2015.

Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recycling - Essay Example From this study it is clear that recycling will help us to reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials. For example, plastic materials are major villains in destroying our universe. The increased use of plastic materials in our daily life resulted in plastic wastes accumulating in large quantities everywhere. One of the peculiar properties of plastic materials is the fact that these materials will never undergo biodegradation. If we are able recycle plastic materials properly, it is possible for us to use the finished plastic products again and again and thereby we can reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials. In short, recycling help us to ensure the supply of the same material again and again.This paper highlights that in the waste management systems, recycling comes as the third R out of the three R’s; Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Wastes are accumulating from all corners. Waste accumulation is going to be the most serious problem; we are going to face in future. Waste management is taken as a serious topic by the modern organizations because of the above awareness. Recycling has an important role to play in the waste management process. Global warming and climate changes are some of the major problems which are haunting the human kind at present. Many people are of the view that these problems were the creations of human itself. We exploited the natural resources injudiciously in the past and never thought that we are creating problems for us in future.  

Teaching of Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching of Socrates - Essay Example The three great Socratic philosophers, Socrates, Plato(www.wsu.edu:8080/dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM), and Aristotle(www.philosophypages.com/hy/2n.htm), were to be "rediscovered" during the Renaissance(www.absoluteastronomy.com/ encyclopedia/c/ch/christendom.htm) and their rational, practical, and scientific ideas were to influence the thinking and the governmental, religious, and educational institutions of the entire western world" it also says that "Socrates was distinct in inculcating ideas on (a) Ethics(www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/jmoral01.htm) that that influenced later Greek philosophers (b) Inductive method of reasoning. (www.cs.miami.edu/geoff/Courses/ CSC545-F05/Content/LogicalConsequence.shtml) (c) Imposed Knowledge is happiness. He believed that knowledge or insight is the foundation of virtue (depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/ classics/dunkle/studyguide/apology.htm) and happiness (plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-character/) (d) Rationalism. Thru reasoning, man can reach the truth. His question and answer method, as described below, caused his students and future philosophers to use thinking as a major way of getting to the truth. Future philosophers and Catholic Saints like St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas delved into his virtue, knowledge and happiness theories and expanded and brought to the next level Socrates' theories by adding their own modern day philosophical theories. In the "SOCRATIC METHOD . Athens(web.utk.edu/utfp/eoc/athens/) became the classroom of Socrates. He went about asking questions of authorities and of the man in the street in order to arrive at political and ethical truths. He questioned groups of his students as a means of instruction, to compel them to think a problem through to a logical(www.roangelo.net/logwitt/) conclusion. His dialectic(www.english-test.net/gre/ vocabulary/meanings/031/gre-words.php) method, or method of investigating problems through dialogue discussions, came to be known as the Socratic method. It involved: 1. SOCRATIC IRONY(depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/ classics/dunkle/studyguide/apology.htm). Socrates pretended that he knew no answers. His assumed ignorance or willingness to learn from others was the background for adroit questioning to reveal the t truth or expose the error of the answers he received. 2. DEFINITION(www.thefreedictionary.com/definition). The initial question usually required the definition of the concept. 3. ANALYSIS(www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/glothi.htm - 101k - 28 Okt 2005). Subsequent questions elicited an analysis of the definition in all its implications.4. GENERALIZATIONS(www.friesian.com/founda-1.htm). After examining all of the particular applications and consequences of the concept(radicalacademy.com/philsocrates.htm), Socrates reasoned, or persuaded his students to reason, from the particular to the general, or by the process of induction, to reach a general conclusion". His style of pretending to know

Does the media affect your health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Does the media affect your health - Essay Example In most cases, the use of these mediums can significantly influence not only the way we perceive things in life but also result to the development of our eating habits and the way we perceive or feel about our body images (DArcy and Jan). Seale explained that most of the food and beverage companies are using the media as a platform in advertising their food or beverage products even if these food and beverages does not contain the proper nutrition needed by our body (Seale, Health and media: an overview). For example, multinational companies are more than willing to pay a large sum of money just to advertise their formula-milk on the television. By continuously using the media as a way of persuading mothers to feed their babies with formula-milk, the newborn babies are the ones who suffer from not getting the most of out the health benefits they should receive from breast-feeding (Seale, Media and Health 199). It is also possible for some tobacco companies to take advertise their cigarette products using any of these media as a way of encouraging the people to smoke (Seale, Health and media: an overview). In some cases, people are unconsciously using the Internet or other social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter to make themselves look better off as compared to other people (Falcon). By boosting their ego at the expense of other people, the use of social media networks can somehow cause depression to other people. Aside from the risk of becoming a victim of cyber-bullying (Falcon), the media can also be used to trigger aggressive behaviour possibly due to substance abuse or trigger inappropriate sexual behaviour (DArcy and Jan). Considering all these examples, it is clear that the media can be used to negatively affect the people’s physical, psychological and emotional health. Even though the main purpose of using the media is to entertain or communicate something to the target audiences, there will always be some

Racism And US Imperialism History Essay

Racism And US Imperialism History Essay American writer and missionary Pearl S. Buck once wrote, Race prejudice is not only a shadow over the colored, it is a shadow over all of us, and the shadow is darkest over those who feel it least and allow its evil effects to go on.  [1]  For generations, historians have concluded that the last decade of the nineteenth century bred white-supremacist racial ideologies such as Anglo-Saxonism and the concept of the white mans burden and in turn drove the American empire into the non-white world. In  Race Over Empire, Eric T. L. Love contests this outlook and offers instead that racism had almost the contradictory effect. From Grants attempt to annex the Dominican Republic in 1870, to the annexations of Hawaii and the Philippines in 1898, Love illustrates that the imperialists association with the racist ideologies of the era were antagonistic, not harmonious. In an era marked by the Jim Crow laws, policies of Chinese exclusion and immigration restriction, no realistic politician wanted to place non-whites at the center of an already divisive scheme by invoking the concept of the white mans burden.  [2]  Moreover, convictions that defined whiteness created great barriers to imperialistic ambitions, particularly when Anglo-Saxon empire entered into the tropical regions of the Atlantic and Pacific. Alternatively, Love contends that policy aims had to be cloaked in more covert aims than racism. In the first chapter, Love sets up his main line of argument that while racism may have been an inherent part of American society and ideology from 1865 to1900, it would have been a major obstacle to include it as a stated objective in expansionism. The American people had no desire to see more foreigners associated with America, so race could only ever play an implicit motivator in imperialism according to Love. Love spends much of the rest of his work providing examples of how race and racism had to take a backseat to more overt policy objectives. Love illustrates the barriers caused by the invocation of race in three different case studies in Santo Domingo, Hawaii, and the Philippines. The affair in Santo Domingo provides a very interesting example that gives credence to Loves thesis. President Ulysses S. Grant, inheriting many expansionist schemes passed down from Johnson and Seward, rejected nearly all expansionist aims in his foreign policy; except the acquisition of Santo Domingo. Grant, while never mentioning race, wanted to annex Santo Domingo as a racial safety valve, for African American resettlement according to Love.  [3]  While the implicit aim was clearly racial, there were very mixed feelings throughout Congress and the general public in regards to African American relocation; as such these implied aims were never stated directly. Instead, Grant preaches about the necessity to acquire Santo Domingo for commerce and security reasons. The island had plentiful timber and other natural resources and its position in the Caribbean made it a prime asset to ensure the safety of Americans. Ultimately, Congress rejects the call to annex Santo Domingo, and Gr ant takes this as a very personal defeat. In writings from his son we are able to clearly see that Grant wanted desperately to annex Santo Domingo, and this desire was most likely guided by the implicit racial motivation. Grant actually stated his drive for annexation was for the advancement of a white America.  [4]  Grant never made peace with this defeat. Words spoken by Grant reveal the churning disappointment and bitterness he felt. His bitterness was actually carried on by his son Jesse Grant who stated: I think of San Domingo and of fathers persistent efforts to bring about annexation every time I ride upon the Elevated or in the Subway, and see white women stand while negroes occupy the seats.  [5]   The Santo Domingo episode is only one example of Loves thesis in action; however, I believe the clearest evidence to Loves credit comes in his analysis of Hawaiian annexation.   Love argues that the United States did not want to annex Hawaii, and actually did so under a policy of last resort.  [6]  After the rule of Liluokalani was subverted and the queen was overthrown in 1893, the United States chose not to annex Hawaii due to the events that precipitated the overthrow by Americans on the island. It was not until the island was plagued by disease and suffering under a government that could not protect or provide for its people that we annexed Hawaii. The reason, Love argues, that we did not annex the island immediately is because of its large indigenous population. Race in this case was a road block to annexation; a testament to Loves thesis. When the imperialists renewed their goal to take Hawaii they abandoned the rhetoric of social uplift and the Christian mission.  [7]à ‚  Annexation in 1898 was accomplished by changing the explicit motives for annexation. It was portrayed to the American people that Hawaii was an island of white American majority that was under threat of an insidious Asian invasion that could only be checked by American presence and annexation in Hawaii. Race and racism was an inhibitor to empire in this case, just as Love speculates in his thesis. Loves Race Over Empire is an interesting text that can be abundantly linked to the historians and texts we have discussed in class. From the views of Michael Hunt to Walter Lafeber, it seems that Love contests the normal view of the role of race in relation to American Empire by asserting that race was not the driving factor behind American imperialism in the late nineteenth century. Love challenges the views of these historians and provides a compelling case that while race may have been an implicit motive, the use of race as an explicit motivator would have caused many of the U.S. imperialistic ventures to fail. We have read that historian Michael Hunt believes that a driving force behind U.S. foreign relations is racism.  [8]  From our interactions with Haiti to American expansion into the Philippines, Hunt reads these events as a continuation on the timeline of Anglo-Saxon racial hegemony. Love counters that while many Americans were in fact racists during the late nineteenth century, the fact that they are racist is the reason that racial imperialism could not occur in this country. Love essentially states that the American people would not have supported any expansion that was sold to them under the context of race because the last thing southerners wanted were more people of color for the government to look after. The harbingers of expansionism had to sell the American people the bill of goods differently because to blatantly tell them we were expanding into the islands of the Pacific to acquire more foreigners to be under our control would not have been a compelling reason for the average American (and as Love argues not compelling for the average politician either). In addition, Walter Lafeber in his work The American Age argues that the United States entered and annexed Hawaii under the presumption of providing trade and economic reciprocity to the natives of Hawaii.  [9]  This mutual trade agreement quickly became one-sided as the United States began to import cheap sugar from Cuba which stranded the Hawaiian market that had become so dependent on U.S. imports. Love argues that this economic goal was only a pretext to enter Hawaii. The way the annexation of Hawaii was sold to the American people was that the island was predominantly settled by white Americans, and these white Americans were under threat by Asian intruders. Unless we liberated the island of Hawaii we would see the Asian threat spill over into Americas borders. Also, it was argued that Hawaii could serve as a valuable pacific naval base to further pacific expansion of American empire. Race was completely abandoned as an explicit motivator due to the fact that annexation of H awaii was blocked for years due to the large indigenous population on the island. Those who backed the annexation of Hawaii failed at their attempts until they quite literally took up William Appleman Williamss thesis and put it into action; we tried to make the Hawaiians like us.  [10]  In order to attain our policy objective the government essentially lied to our citizens and told them that the natives that comprised the island were white Americans like the rest of us. It was this blatant lie, not the supposed aid and spread of Christianity that finally compelled our people to deem annexation appropriate; this is in turn what J. Garry Clifford was trying to state in his essay Bureaucratic Politics and Policy Outcomes.  [11]  Clifford argues that policy isnt made just on the whim of one person in our bureaucratic system, it in fact takes many people to enforce policy and to that end in order to pass policies often compromise must occur, and as Love talks about Hawaii a compromise becomes quite apparent. The fact that the usual Christian mission had to be abandoned in the case of Hawaii is a large compromise from those who originally were pushing the annexation, but nonetheless through compromise the desired outcome was achieved (annexation). Standing in contrast to Loves premise is historian Walter L. Williams. Williams in his essay United States Indian Policy and the Debate over Philippine Annexation: Implications for the Origins of American Imperialism outlines an argument that seems to directly counter Loves theory of race as a blockade to annexation.  [12]  Williams states that the United States has a long history of invading land controlled by foreigners and dealing with the indigenous population by denying them citizenship. Alternatively, Williams states they become wards of the United States and as such are situated at a level below citizens. To illustrate his analysis he shows how the Native Americans and indigenous people of the Philippines are essentially cast aside once America annexes the natives land. Williams offers a strong response to Loves thesis and both Williams and Loves arguments are well-built through careful historical analysis of the American experience. Furthermore, historian Samuel Flagg Bemis in his work American Foreign Policy and the Blessings of Liberty argues that the American experience is embedded in a long history of spreading the blessings of liberty to those people and nations who do not enjoy what we consider basic liberties.  [13]  Love would tend to agree that spreading the blessings of liberty is a large explicit rationale of American imperialism from 1865-1900. However, Love would not go as far as to actually postulate that spreading the blessings of liberty was a primary motivator for empire. From Loves prospective it is very simple to see that spreading liberty was a convenient means of masking policies that had at heart more menacing objectives. In conclusion, Race Over Empire benefits from the strong evidence that Love presents to support his argument. Looking over the events in Santo Domingo, Hawaii, and the Philippines it is hard to disagree with Loves analysis; that a purely race motivated approach to imperialism in these areas would have failed miserably for American expansionists. The main strengths of this work are that it is rooted in sound logic and the author uses pertinent evidence that helps to give real-world illustration to support his thesis. There are a few problems with this book however. Too often it feels that Love is trying to completely dispel race as a motivator in American foreign policy. I believe this makes his argument unbelievable at times. The period from 1865-1900, is marked in clearly racist policies and mindsets in the United States, and to argue that imperialist policies didnt have at least some racism in the back of its mind would be a very naÃÆ' ¯ve point to argue. Furthermore, in his dis cussion of Hawaii Love fails to mention the desire of American policymakers to extend U.S. influence into Asia. Hawaii was annexed because of its position in the Pacific that allowed it to be a staging center to both control Asian migration into America, and to expand American influence into the far-east. I feel that by working so hard to show the insidious motivation behind the humanitarian angle (which he does very well), he neglects a major reason for Hawaiian annexation. The significance of Loves work, Race Over Empire, is rather monumental. First, Loves work challenges the contemporary view of race and racism and its correlation to American imperialism. Whenever a credible argument can be brought against the generally accepted view of history the historical community is benefitted by having its beliefs challenged. Second, the insight that Love provides on the ulterior motives of policy is a point that resonates with American foreign policy still today. So often we take policy at its face value, and we do not look for the implicit motivations behind the policy we put into effect. If anything, Love encourages examining policy in its original context and exploring the concealed motives behind it. Finally, Loves work is significant because it illustrates a theme that is quite often forgotten in history (especially in American classrooms today), there are always different interpretations of history and we are often taught to think about history in one wa y. Love challenges the accepted view and provides compelling evidence as to why the views of generations of historians need to be challenged. In closing is race prejudice a continual shadow upon the United States as Pearl Buck would suggest? I am compelled by Loves argument that in an openly and belligerently racist south the people and politicians would never accept policy that allows for the mass migration of foreigners into our country, and it is for that reason race was cloaked as an implicit motivator, but rejected as the primary motivation of American imperialism.

The Saga of Kirke :: Classics

The Saga of Kirke. In various situations in the Kirke episode the themes of false paradise and loyalty are present. The Island of Kirke gives itself a false appearance of divinity. The goddess Kirke gives off a false appearance of enchantment and courtesy. Odysseus and his men convey the theme of loyalty throughout the episode of Kirke to each other. Odysseus shows loyalty not just to his men, but to his wife and his homeland as well. From the ship's arrival on the shore the island gives itself a false appearance of divinity. Odysseus narrates that an unseen god has lured them into the cove: "We came/ washed in our silent ship upon her shore/ and found a cove, a haven for a ship-/ some god, invisible, conned us in" (154-157). False appearance of divinity comes out on third day on the island of Kirke. On Odysseus's way back to the seashore from the observation rock he comes across a big buck, which he kills to feed his men. Odysseus perceives the buck as a gift from the gods: ", some god's compassion/ Set a big buck in motion to cross my path-/ So hands were washed to take what heaven sent us" (173-200). Kirke herself gives off a false appearance to the men. When the first group of Odysseus's men come to the house, they were enticed by the goddess's song: "In the entrance way they stayed to listen there:" (240-241). She shows the men that she is courteous by inviting the men in and giving them food and drink. The goddess works her magic on the men by giving them temptations to deal with. She gives them food to eat, and wine that she has laced with some sort of potion that causes the men to lose desire to go home. Kirke then turns the men into pigs. She uses false appearance as a courteous enchanting god the lure the men in. "/ to call them in./ While she prepared a meal of cheese and baley/ and amber honey mixed with Pramnian wine./ adding her own vile pinch,/ / all/ swinish now" (253-265). The men are not the only ones that have to deal with the deception of Kirke. She tries to deceive Odysseus with the same food and drink that she offered his men, but with the knowledge attained from Hermes he was able to out wit the goddess. When her first attempt fails she then tries flattery to dupe Odysseus into the bedroom to lie with her: " 'What a champion, of what country, can you be?/ We two shall mingle and make love upon our bed.

Unknown Mixtures Lab Report

-Unknown Mixtures Lab- Purpose: The aim of this experiment was to find out the two substances of the unknown mixture from salt, sugar, dirt, and baking soda by looking at its properties. Hypothesis: Find the unknown substance by testing it out by heating it, pouring water, vinegar, and observing it . Procedure: 1) Materials- * 100ml of water * Vinegar * Bunsen Burner * 2 beakers * 1 spatula 2) First, do steps (3-6)to find out the properties of salt, sugar, dirt, and baking powder. 3) Observe and record the appearances of the four known substances. ) Burn the known substances one by one to see what will happen. When it starts to burn take the beaker off of the burner. 5) Add water to all substances. Make sure to stir well (until the salt and sugar dissolve) to see how each substance reacts with water 6) Add vinegar to all substances. Make sure to stir well (until the salt and sugar dissolve) to see how each substance reacts with vinegar 7) Observe your unknown substance and write down how it looks 9) Add water to the unknown substance.Check to see if it turns to mud and that the white substance dissolves. 10) Heat up unknown substance until it starts to burn. Check and see if the substance starts to turn brown and smell good and dry up and crack. This is to see if the unknown substance is a combination of dirt and sugar. Safety Precautions- * Remember to wear closed shoes just in case someone drops something like glass and it lands on your foot. * Always wear goggles, and for girls tie their hair, when near a burner so it doesn’t burn your hair or get something in your eye. Be careful not to drop the beakers so that there will be no danger of accidently stepping on glass. Observations- The sugar turned brown and smelled good when heated, salt turned black and smelled like burnt rubber when heated, dirt turned to mud when water was added, and baking soda started to bubble when vinegar was added. DATA: TABLE 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCE| Chara cteristics| Appearance | Sugar| Heat: sugar turns brown and smells goodWater: sugar dissolvesVinegar: sugar dissolves| White, shiny, looks similar to sugar. Salt| Heat: turns black, smells like burnt rubberWater: dissolvesVinegar: dissolves| White, looks like sugar except it isn’t shiny| Dirt| Heat: dries up and starts to crackWater: turns to mudVinegar: turns to mud| Brown, has bits of rock and dried grass in it| Baking Soda| Heat: Water: turns water whiteVinegar: starts to bubble | White, soft, kind of like flour| These are some of the characteristics and appearances of the four known substances after experimenting (heating, adding water, adding vinegar, observing) to find their properties.This will help when trying to figure out the two substances in the unknown mixture. TABLE 2: UNKNOWN SUBSTANCE Substance| Characteristics| Appearance| Result| Unknown| Water: the substance turned to mud and the white specks dissolvedHeat: while the dirt turned hard, the white substance st arted to turn brown and smell good | * pieces of rock and dried and grass * small white shiny specks mixed in | Dirt and Sugar| This is the data collected from observing the unknown substance.From looking at table 1 and then comparing the appearance of the known substances to the unknown substance the unknown substance is the most similar to the appearances and characteristics of dirt and sugar. DATA ANALYSIS: The data collected states all the characteristics and appearances of the four known substances. This helps when trying to find the two substances in the unknown mixture. To gather the data the substances were burned, added with water and vinegar, and observed. Then with the information of the known substances was compared with the characteristics of the unknown substances.The unknown substance had characteristics similar to dirt and sugar, and so the unknown substance was experimented to check if they were really dirt and mud by adding water to see if it turned to mud and heat ing the substance to see if it would turn brown and smell good. CONCLUSION/ EVALUATION/IMPROVEMENTS: The purpose of this experiment was to find out the two substances of the unknown mixture out of salt, sugar, dirt, and baking soda. For this experiment my hypothesis was correct.The purpose of this experiment was achieved by observing and finding out the characteristics of each substance. The sugar turned brown and smelled good when heated, salt turned black and smelled like burnt rubber when heated, dirt turned to mud when water was added, and baking soda started to bubble when vinegar was added. According to table 1 the data shows that the unknown substance had similar characteristics to both sugar and dirt. And so to find out if my hypothesis was correct or not experiments were carried out based on tests that were characteristics of either sugar or dirt.One experiment was heating the unknown substance to check if it would start drying up and bubbling brown. The other was adding wa ter to test if it would turn into mud. Some mistakes that could be improved in the experiment next time is- making sure not to pour a lot of salt into the beaker when heating it, since there was a lot of salt when heating it the smell was more nastier and shocking. Also when heating the dirt not to let it burn for a long time because when washing it, it was hard to get some of the dirt off.

Lord of the Flies Brings Abstract Idea Through Its Symbol Essay

God loads people with humanity and savagery. It depends on how people manage it in everyday life. It also shows in Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies. This story concerns to how people run the instinct to live such rules, peacefully, moral and value. The story begins when a group of English schoolboys isolated on an island after their plane has crashed during a war. They are Ralph, Piggy, Jack, Simon, Roger, Sam and Eric. They tried to survive until they could find by others. The conflict among them showed their personal characters; Ralph was chose as protagonist character, he was elected as a leader of the group and tried to handle his friends to build a miniature civilization on the island until they could be saved. In this story, Golding represented Ralph as person who had humanity instinct. Jack was antagonist character because through the story he showed barbarian instinct which is wild, savage, and brutish. Simon was represented as a good boy who had the willingness to work in the group. Piggy was symbolized as intellectual boy, Golding showed it in his appearance which is he wore an eyeglasses. Roger was like Jack, cruel boy who brutalized others. And the last, Sam and Eric, they are a pair of twins who had a lot of innocence. In the whole story, the reader can easily find that the narrative is built by so many symbols or we can say it allegory novel which is a story in which characters, setting and actions stand for something beyond themselves, such as abstract ideas, moral qualities and historical figures or events, in this case, story can be read in level of symbolic. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954, it seems that Golding had experienced to World War II when humanity and crime existed on it. It is possible that Golding tries to portray the conflict between evil and civilization on the story of Lord of Flies. The ideas of civilization and savagery appear in both characters Jack and Ralph. In the beginning of the novel, Ralph and Piggy found a conch shell, they decided to use that conch shell to gather the others after the crashed. The shell is being a symbol of civilization, which successfully head the group’s meetings, and for point who is the right to speak by holding its shell. It is safe to assume that the shell is symbol of democratic and to unite each other. But however when the shell loose its power and the boys came to savagery, it influenced among them. Many people who usually live or travel in the jungle believes that focusing the glasses on the sunlight may get a fire. It looks when the boys tried to make a fire by using the lenses from Piggy’s glasses. Golding looks as if he wants to picture Piggy as an intellectual boy among the other boys and the glasses as a symbol of it. Glasses is symbolized the power of science and intellectual attempt in society. Making the signal fire may help so that others can rescue them. Ralph had an idea to climb the mountain and made a smoke therefore if a ship came near the island, they could notice them. The signal fire can be one of symbol to connect to civilization. They want to be rescued and go back to society by making a sign. But when the fire goes low burned or even out, it may assume their desire to be rescued by other is helpless. In the end of the story, the signal fire isn’t a notice to a ship but a fire in the mountain forest as a part of Jack’s savagery to hunt Ralph. The fear of something imaginary leads them to savagely behavior. For the first time, the boys didn’t believe there was a beast on the island, but later on it frightened all of them because the existence of the beast was in their mind. When the boys are wilder the existence of the beast are more real. They consider it as a totemic god and surrender for it. The boy’s behavior brings the beast into existence so it seems like beast become real in soul of them. Golding may portray the beast as a symbol of savagery because the reader may consider it as a monster or evil that against with humanity. In a way, reading this novel is like seeing an adventure to find the existence of personal identity. Golding succeeds in portraying a conflict between humanity and savagery through his novel Lord of the Flies. Showing that God creates people with two sides; civilization and sin. It is a matter how people handle with it and discover the wisdom to know the difference.